Ansud

Ansud
King of Mari
Reign c. 2423-2416 BC. Middle chronology
Predecessor Ikun-Shamagan
Successor Saʿumu
King of Mari

Ansud (also read as Ianupu, Yanup, Anubu, Gansud, Anusu and Hanusum),[1][2][3][4][5] was an early king (Lugal) of the second Mariote kingdom who reigned c. 2423-2416 BC.[6] Ansud is known for warring against the Eblaites from a letter written by the later Mariote king Enna-Dagan.

Reign

Identity

A jar discovered at Mari, sent as a gift by Mesannepada of Ur, recorded the name of king "Hanusum" (Gansud) of Mari.[7] The letter of Enna-Dagan is extremely difficult to read,[8] and the word "Sa'umu" appeared in three passages of it.[3] In the second and third passages, the word referred to Ansud's successor Sa'umu.[3][9] However, in the first passage, "Sa'umu" was read as a verb by Giovanni Pettinato, who later read it as (Anudu).[3] Alfonso Archi, recognized that this verb is a personal name of a monarch and read it as Anubu (motivated by the Sumerian King List which record a dynasty of Mari and king Anbu as the first monarch of the dynasty).[3] However, the discovery of an intact (SKL) with the names of Mari's dynasty bearing no resemblance to second kingdom monarchs, eliminated the need for Archi's identification.[3] According to Michael Astour, the name is Anusu (Ansud) and must be correlated with king Hanusum.[5]

Campaigns

In the letter Ansud is recorded defeating the Eblaite vassal cities of Aburu, Ilgi and Belan.[note 1][1] The king is also mentioned leaving ruins in the mountains of Labanan,[1] which were identified by Pettinato with Lebanon.[11] However, this identification was ruled as geographically impossible by Astour.[11]

King Ansud of Mari
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Ikun-Shamagan ?		 King of Mari
2423-2416 BC 		Succeeded by
Saʿumu

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Belan is located 26 km west of Ar-Raqqah.[10]

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 "Monuments of War, War of Monuments: Some Considerations on Commemorating War in the Third Millennium BC. Orientalia Vol.76/4". Davide Nadali. 2007. p. 354. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  2. ↑ Joan Aruz; Ronald Wallenfels (2003). Art of the First Cities: The Third Millennium B.C. from the Mediterranean to the Indus. p. 463.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 57.
  4. ↑ Nakl. Ceskoslovenské akademie věd (1969). Archiv Orientální, Volume 37 (in French). p. 623.
  5. 1 2 Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg; Nathan H. Winter (2002). Eblaitica vol.4. p. 58.
  6. ↑ William J. Hamblin (2006). Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. p. 242.
  7. ↑ Mario Liverani (2013). The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy. p. 117.
  8. ↑ Martha A. Morrison; David I. Owen (1987). General Studies and Excavations at Nuzi 9/1. p. 12.
  9. ↑ Douglas Frayne (2008). Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods, Volume 1 (2700-2350 BC). p. 761.
  10. ↑ P.M. Michèle Daviau; Michael Weigl; John W. Wevers (2001). The World of the Aramaeans: Studies in Honour of Paul-Eugène Dion, Volume 1. p. 233.
  11. 1 2 Cyrus Herzl Gordon; Gary Rendsburg (1992). Eblaitica vol.3. p. 29.
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