Bishopton Castle
| Bishopton Castle | |
|---|---|
| County Durham, England | |
|
Surviving motte | |
  Bishopton Castle | |
| Coordinates | grid reference NZ366208 |
| Type | Motte-and-bailey |
| Site information | |
| Condition | Earthworks only |
Bishopton Castle was a medieval castle in Bishopton Village, County Durham, England. The surviving motte is a Scheduled Ancient Monument.[1]
Details
Bishopton Castle was built by Roger de Conyers in 1143, in the village of Bishopton, near to the town of Darlington.[2] Constructed in a motte-and-bailey design, the castle had two baileys, rather than the usual one, and originally had two large enclosures beyond the baileys.[3] In the 12th century it was surrounded by a low artificial lake, fed by the brook to the west, and could only be accessed by causeways.[4]
De Conyers built the castle during a dispute with William Cumin, who laid claim to be the Bishop of Durham; de Conyers supported Cumin's rival, William of St. Barbara.[5] Historian Lise Hull believes that the licence to crenellate given to de Conyers for his castle may be the first recorded instance of this in England,[6] but Philip Davis rejects the licence on the grounds that the fortification was a matter of necessity rather than consent, and that the supposed licence contains no indicative wording.[7]
In later years the castle became owned directly by the Bishop of Durham, a powerful regional landowner.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ Historic England. "Motte and Bailey Castle, Bishopton (1008668)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
- ↑ Hull (2009), p.195.
- ↑ Pettifer, p.26.
- ↑ Creighton, p.14.
- ↑ Pettifer, p.26.
- ↑ Hull (2006), p.128.
- ↑ "The Gatehouse website record of a licence to crenellate for Bishopton Castle Hill granted on 1143". Philip Davis. 8 February 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
- ↑ Brickstock, p.38.
Bibliography
- Brickstock, Richard. (2007) Castle: Fortress, Palace, College. Durham: Jeremy Mills Publishing. ISBN 978-1-905217-24-3.
- Creighton, Oliver Hamilton. (2005) Castles and Landscapes: Power, Community and Fortification in Medieval England. London: Equinox. ISBN 978-1-904768-67-8.
- Hull, Lise E. (2006) Britain's Medieval Castles. Westport: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-275-98414-4.
- Hull, Lise E. (2009) Understanding the Castle Ruins of England and Wales: How to Interpret the History and Meaning of Masonry and Earthworks. Jefferson, US: MacFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-3457-2.
- Pettifer, Adrian. (2002) English Castles: a Guide by Counties. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-85115-782-5.
Coordinates: 54°34′52″N 1°26′07″W / 54.5811°N 1.4353°W