Cymopterus
| Cymopterus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cymopterus newberryi | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Apiales |
| Family: | Apiaceae |
| Tribe: | Selineae |
| Genus: | Cymopterus Raf., 1819 |
| species | |
|
35-50, see text | |
Cymopterus is a genus of perennial plants in the family Apiaceae native to western North America. They are commonly known as the springparsleys.[1] They are mostly stemless, taprooted perennial herbs with leaves at ground level and flowering scapes bearing yellow, white, or purple flowers.[2]
Systematics
The taxonomy of this genus is confused even after many decades of study.[3] Authors have organized it in different ways, sometimes including several closely related Apiaceae genera within it, as the delimitations of the genus and its relationship with others are unclear.[3] It is very polyphyletic, and its limits are not well supported by evidence.[3] Genera recently segregated from Cymopterus include Vesper, six plants with morphological characters that are well-defined and easily separated from Cymopterus; the group has been separated before, but was reintegrated during repeated reorganizations of the genus.[4]
There are perhaps 35[5] to 50[2] species in the genus, but the count changes constantly.
- Cymopterus aboriginum – Indian parsnip, Indian springparsley
- Cymopterus acaulis – plains springparsley
- Cymopterus basalticus – basalt springparsley
- Cymopterus beckii – featherleaf springparsley
- Cymopterus cinerarius – gray springparsley
- Cymopterus corrugatus – corrugated springparsley, corrugate-wing springparsley, wrinklewing springparsley
- Cymopterus coulteri – two-leaf springparsley
- Cymopterus davisii – Davis' springparsley
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- Cymopterus deserticola – desert springparsley
- Cymopterus douglassii – Douglass' springparsley
- Cymopterus duchesnensis – Duchesne biscuitroot, Uinta Basin springparsley
- Cymopterus evertii – Evert's springparsley
- Cymopterus gilmanii – Gilman's springparsley
- Cymopterus glaucus – smooth springparsley, waxy springparsley
- Cymopterus globosus – globe springparsley
- Cymopterus glomeratus – plains springparsley
- Cymopterus goodrichii – Goodrich's springparsley, Toiyabe springparsley
- Cymopterus ibapensis – Ibapah springparsley
- Cymopterus jonesii – Jones' springparsley
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- Cymopterus lapidosus – talus springparsley
- Cymopterus longipes – longstalk springparsley, sprawling springparsley
- Cymopterus macrorhizus – bigroot springparsley
- Cymopterus megacephalus – largeleaf springparsley
- Cymopterus minimus – Cedar Breaks springparsley
- Cymopterus montanus – Mountain springparsley
- Cymopterus newberryi – sweetroot springparsley, sticky springparsley
- Cymopterus nivalis – snowline springparsley, Elko springparsley
- Cymopterus panamintensis – Panamint springparsley
- Cymopterus planosus – Rocky Mountain springparsley
- Cymopterus purpureus – purple springparsley, Colorado Plateau springparsley, variable springparsley
- Cymopterus ripleyi – Ripley's springparsley
- Cymopterus rosei – Rose's springparsley
- Cymopterus terebinthinus (syn. Pteryxia terebinthina)[8][9] – turpentine wavewing
- Cymopterus williamsii – Williams' springparsley
Formerly included here
- Vesper multinervatus (as Cymopterus multinervatus)
- Vesper purpurascens (as Cymopterus purpurascens)
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cymopterus. |
- 1 2 Cymopterus. USDA PLANTS.
- 1 2 Cymopterus. The Jepson eFlora 2013.
- 1 2 3 Sun, F. and S. R. Downie. (2004). A molecular systematic investigation of Cymopterus and its allies (Apiaceae) based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (rps16 intron) DNA sequences. South African Journal of Botany 70(3), 407-16.
- ↑ Hartman, R. L. and G. L. Nesom. (2012). Taxonomy of the genus Vesper (Apiaceae). Phytoneuron 94 1-9.
- ↑ Downie, S. R., et al. (2002). Polyphyly of the spring-parsleys (Cymopterus): molecular and morphological evidence suggests complex relationships among the perennial endemic genera of western North American Apiaceae. Canadian Journal of Botany 80(12), 1295-1324.
- ↑ GRIN Species Records of Cymopterus. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
- ↑ Cymopterus. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
- ↑ Cymopterus terebinthinus. Calflora 2013.
- ↑ Pteryxia terebinthina. USDA PLANTS.
Further reading
- Sun, F. J. and S. R. Downie. (2010). Phylogenetic relationships among the perennial, endemic Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae of western North America: additional data from the cpDNA trnF-trnL-trnT region continue to support a highly polyphyletic Cymopterus. Plant Diversity and Evolution 128(1-2), 151-72.