List of Arabic dictionaries

The following is a list of notable Arabic dictionaries.

Title Author Date Vocabulary Notes
Kitab al-Ayn[n 1]
(Arabic: كتاب العين‎‎)		 Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi
(Arabic: الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي‎‎)
(b. 718 - d. 791)		 8th century
  • Kitab al-Ayn was the first ever dictionary for the Arabic language.[1]
Kitab al-Jim[n 2]
(Arabic: كتاب الجيم‎‎)
a.k.a. Kitab al-Lughat or Kitab al-Huruf		 Abu Amr al-Shaybani
(Arabic: أبو عمرو الشيباني‎‎)
(b. ca. 738 - d. 828)		 8-9th century
  • The only copy is in the El Escorial Library.[2]
Al-Jamhara al-Lugha[n 3]
(Arabic: الجمهرة اللغة‎‎)
a.k.a. Al-Jamhara fi al-Lugha (The all-embracing in language)[3]		 Ibn Duraid[4]
(Arabic: ابن دريد‎‎)
(b. 838 - d. 933)		 9-10th century
  • The dictionary was inspired in part by the earlier dictionary Kitab al-Ayn of al-Farahidi.[5]
Tahdhib al-Lugha[n 4]
(Arabic: تهذيب اللغة‎‎)		 Abu Manshur al-Azhari al-Harawi
(Arabic: أبو منصور الأزهري الهروي‎‎)
(b. 895 - d. 981)		 10th century
Al-Muhit fi al-Lugha[n 5]
(Arabic: المحيط في اللغة‎‎)		 Al-Sahib ibn Abbad
(Arabic: الصاحب بن عبّاد‎‎)
(b. 938 - d. 995)		 10th century
    Taj al-Lugha wa Sihah al-Arabiyya[n 6]
    (Arabic: تاج اللغة وصحاح العربية‎‎)
    shorter title: Taj al-Lugha or al-Sihah    		 Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari
    (Arabic: إسماعيل بن حماد الجوهري‎‎)
    (b. ? - d. 1009)    		 10-11th century It contains about 40,000 dictionary entries.[7]
    Al-Muhkam wa al-Muhit al-A'zam[n 7]
    (Arabic: المحكم والمحيط الأعظم‎‎)
    shorter title: Al-Muhkam    		 Ibn Sidah
    (Arabic: ابن سيده‎‎)
    (b. 1007 - d. 1066)    		 11th century
    Lisan al-Arab[n 8]
    (Arabic: لسان العرب‎‎)    		 Ibn Manzur
    (Arabic: ابن منظور‎‎)
    (b. 1233 - d. 1312)    		 The dictionary was completed in 1290.[10] It contains about 80,000 dictionary entries.[11]
      Al-Qamus al-Muhit wa al-Qabus al-Wasit[n 9] [n 10]
      (Arabic: القاموس المحيط، والقابوس الوسيط‎‎)
      shorter title: Al-Qamus al-Muhit      		 Al-Firuzabadi
      (Arabic: الفيروزآبادي‎‎)
      (b. 1329 - d. 1414)      		 The dictionary was completed in 1410.[12] It contains about 60,000 dictionary entries.[13]
      • The dictionary served as the basis of later European dictionaries of Arabic.[14]
      Taj al-Arus Min Jawahir al-Qamus[n 11]
      (Arabic: تاج العروس‎‎)
      shorter title: Taj al-Arus      		 Al-Murtada al-Zabidi
      (Arabic: المرتضى الزبيدي‎‎)
      (b. 1731 - d. 1790)      		 The dictionary was completed in 1774.[15] It contains about 120,000 dictionary entries.[16]
        Muhit al-Muhit[n 12]
        (Arabic: محيط المحيط‎‎)
        a.k.a. Qutr al-Muhit (The Diameter of the Ocean)[17]        		 Butrus al-Bustani
        (Arabic: بطرس البستاني‎‎)
        (b. 1819 - d. 1883)        		 The dictionary was completed in 1870.[18]
        • The author had dedicated the work to the Sultan Abdulaziz. The sultan awarded him with a higher medal and 250 golden liras.[19]

        See also

        Notes

        1. ↑ The name means "Book of the Ayn (Letter)".
        2. ↑ The name means "Book of the Jim (Letter)".
        3. ↑ The name means "Collection of Language".
        4. ↑ The name means "Refinement of Language".
        5. ↑ The name means "Ocean in Language".
        6. ↑ The name means "The crown of Language and the authentic of Arabic".
        7. ↑ The name means "The arbitrator and the Great Ocean".
        8. ↑ The name means "The tongue of the Arabs".
        9. ↑ Al-Qamus al-Muhit means "The surrounding Ocean".
        10. ↑ The Qamus - which may be derived from Greek okeanos became, and has remained, the commonest Arabic word for dictionary.
        11. ↑ The name means "The bride's crown from the pearls of the Qamus (Ocean)".
        12. ↑ The name means "Circumference of the Ocean".

        References

        1. ↑ "Al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015
        2. ↑ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 31 January 2015
        3. ↑ Hausmann, F. J. Dictionnaires, P.2441
        4. ↑ "Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015
        5. ↑ "Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 30 May 2015
        6. ↑ Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 53.
        7. ↑ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        8. ↑ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        9. ↑ Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 65.
        10. ↑ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        11. ↑ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        12. ↑ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        13. ↑ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
        14. ↑ "Al-Fīrūzābādī" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015
        15. ↑ Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817.
        16. ↑ Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817.
        17. ↑ al-hakawati Butros Bustani Retrieved 02 February 2015
        18. ↑ al-hakawati Butros Bustani Retrieved 02 February 2015
        19. ↑ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" Muhitü'l-Muhit article PDF. "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 05 June 2015
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