List of demonyms for U.S. states

This is a list of official and notable unofficial terms used to designate the citizens of specific states and territories of the United States.

List

State or District Official
(recommended by U.S. GPO)[1]		 Official, unofficial, or informal alternates
Alabama Alabamian Alabaman[2][3]
Alaska Alaskan
American Samoa American Samoan
Arizona Arizonan Sand Cutter[4]
Arkansas Arkansan Arkansawyer,[5] Arkie[6]
California Californian Californio (archaic)
Colorado Coloradan Coloradoan (archaic)[7][8]
Connecticut Connecticuter Connecticotian,[9] Connecticutensian,[9] Nutmeg,[9] Nutmegger[9]
Delaware Delawarean Blue Hen's Chicken,[10] Muskrat[10]
District of Columbia Washingtonian[11]
Florida Floridian Alligator,[12] Cracker,[13] Fly-Up-the-Creek[12]
Georgia Georgian Buzzard,[14] Cracker,[14] Goober-grabber[14]
Guam Guamanian
Hawaii Hawaiian Islander,[15] Kama'aina. The Associated Press Stylebook restricts use of "Hawaiian" to people of Native Hawaiian descent.[16]
Idaho Idahoan Fortune Seekers[17]
Illinois Illinoisan Illinoisian, Illinoian, Flatlander,[18] Sucker, Sand-hiller, Egyptian[19]
Indiana Indianian Hoosier[20] (official state designation), Indianian (archaic)
Iowa Iowan Hawkeye[21]
Kansas Kansan Sunflower, Jayhawker, Grasshopper[22]
Kentucky Kentuckian Corncracker[23]
Louisiana Louisianian
Maine Mainer Down Easter or Downeaster,[24] Mainiac,[25] Pine Tree, Fox
Maryland Marylander
Massachusetts Massachusettsan Bay Stater (official term used by state government),[26] Massachusite (traditional),[27][28] Masshole (derogatory[29] as an exonym; however, it can be affectionate when applied as an endonym[30])
Michigan Michiganian Michigander,[31] Wolverine,[32][33] Michiganite, Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively),[34] Michigoose (used specifically for female residents, as a play on "Michigander")[34]
Minnesota Minnesotan
Mississippi Mississippian
Missouri Missourian
Montana Montanan
Nebraska Nebraskan
Nevada Nevadan Nevadian
New Hampshire New HampshiriteNew Hampshireman or New Hampshirewoman[35]
New Jersey New Jerseyan New Jerseyite
New Mexico New Mexican
New York New Yorker Knickerbocker[36][37]
North Carolina North Carolinian Tar Heel, Tar Boiler,[38]
North Dakota North Dakotan
Northern Mariana Islands Mariana Islander
Ohio Ohioan Buckeye[39]
Oklahoma Oklahoman Okie,[40] Sooner[41]
Oregon Oregonian
Pennsylvania Pennsylvanian Pennamite[42]
Puerto Rico Puerto Rican Boricua[43]
Rhode Island Rhode Islander Rhodean, Swamp Yankee[44]
South Carolina South Carolinian Sandlapper[45]
South Dakota South Dakotan
Tennessee Tennessean Volunteer, Big Bender, Butternut[46]
Texas Texan Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical),[47] Tejano (Hispano-Texan), Texican (archaic)
Utah Utahn
Vermont Vermonter
Virginia Virginian
Virgin Islands Virgin Islander
Washington Washingtonian[11]
West Virginia West Virginian
Wisconsin Wisconsinite Badger,[48] Cheesehead[49][50]
Wyoming Wyomingite

See also

References

  1. ↑ United States Government Printing Office Style Manual. 2008. §5.23.
  2. ↑ Safire, William (June 26, 1994). "On Language: Foam Fell on Alabama". The New York Times. Safire reports that after he used the word "Alabaman" in a column, he received a letter from Vic Gold that said in part, "The natives, I have learned to my sorrow, prefer Alabamian."
  3. ↑ "The State of Alabama". Netstate.
  4. ↑ "The State of Arizona - An Introduction to the Grand Canyon State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  5. ↑ Arkansawyer definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 2009-10-31.
  6. ↑ "Ar•kie". Dictionary.infoplease.com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  7. ↑ Writers Style Guide. Colorado State University. p. 62,. Retrieved January 2, 2009. The correct name for a person from Colorado is Coloradan (not Coloradoan).
  8. ↑ Quillen, Ed (March 18, 2007). "Coloradan or Coloradoan?". The Denver Post.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "The State of Connecticut - An Introduction to the Constitution State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  10. 1 2 "The State of Delaware - An Introduction to the First State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  11. 1 2 The term "Washingtonian" may refer to residents of either the State of Washington or the District of Columbia.
  12. 1 2 "The State of Florida". Netstate.
  13. ↑ "'Cracker' Means Something Entirely Different In Florida: A Source Of 'Pride'". Mediaite. Retrieved 18 May 2014.
  14. 1 2 3 "The Peach State is all about peanuts". American Food Roots. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  15. ↑ "The State of Hawaii - An Introduction to the Aloha State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  16. ↑ Christian, Darrel; Jacobsen, Sally A.; Minthorn, David, eds. (2013). The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law. New York, NY: Basic Books. p. 112. ISBN 9780465082995.
  17. ↑ "The State of Idaho". Netstate.
  18. ↑ Jim Fitzgerald (1987-10-06). "A Friend Escapes To Illinois . . . And Now Is A Flatlander!". ChicagoTribune.com.
  19. ↑ "The State of Illinois - An Introduction to the Prairie State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  20. ↑ The term Hoosier is the official state designation for a state resident, but not used by the US GPO. The term was once considered derogatory, but is now a point of pride for Hoosiers. See the Indiana Historical Bureau article entitled What is a Hoosier? for the origin of the term.
  21. ↑ "The State of Iowa". Netstate.com.
  22. ↑ "The State of Kansas - An Introduction to the Sunflower State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  23. ↑ Corncracker - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
  24. ↑ The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2007. New York: World Almanac Books. 2006. ISBN 978-0-88687-995-2.
  25. ↑ "Mainiac". Time. June 20, 1938. (term used in reference to Maine author Kenneth Roberts)
  26. ↑ "Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 2, Section 35: Designation of citizens of commonwealth". The Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved 2008-02-29.: "Bay Staters shall be the official designation of citizens of the commonwealth."
  27. ↑ Collections. Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society. 1877. p. 435.
  28. ↑ Jones, Thomas (1879). DeLancey, Edward Floyd, ed. History of New York During the Revolutionary War. New York: New York Historical Society. p. 465.
  29. ↑ Nagy, Naomi; Irwin, Patricia (July 2010). "Boston (r): Neighbo(r)s nea(r) and fa(r)". Language Variation and Change. 22 (2): 270.
  30. ↑ "'Masshole' among newest words added to Oxford English Dictionary". masslive.com. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  31. ↑ "The State of Michigan - An Introduction to the Great Lakes State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  32. ↑ Marckwardt, Albert H. (1952). "Wolverine and Michigander". Michigan Alumnus Quarterly Review. LVIII: 203–8.
  33. ↑ Sperber, Hans (February 1954). "Words and Phrases in American Politics: Michigander". American Speech. 29 (1): 21–7. doi:10.2307/453592.
  34. 1 2 "MDE - Michigan Glossary". Michigan.gov. 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  35. ↑ "The State of New Hampshire - An Introduction to the Granite State from". Netstate.Com. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  36. ↑ Merriam-Webster Dictionary
  37. ↑ New York Knicks, What's a Knickerbocker?
  38. ↑ Powell, William S. (March 1982). "What's in a Name?: Why We're All Called Tar Heels". Tar Heel. Tar Heel Magazine, Inc. OCLC 005457348. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
  39. ↑ "The State of Ohio - An Introduction to the Buckeye State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  40. ↑ Stewart, Roy P. (December 20, 1968). "Postal Card Proves Sooners Were 'Okies' Way Back In 1907". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 9, col. 2. Now comes Mrs. Agness Hooks of Thomas with a postal card mailed at Newcastle, Ind. in 1907, address to a Miss Agness Kirkbridge, with the salutation: 'Hello Okie — Will see you next Monday night.' Signed: Myrtle M. Pence. Mrs. Hooks says Agness Kirkbridge was an aunt of hers. The Kirkbridge family came to Oklahoma Territory in 1904 and settled south of Custer City.
  41. ↑ "The State of Oklahoma - An Introduction to the Sooner State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  42. ↑ "History of". Luzerne County. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  43. ↑ "Commonwealth of Puerto Rico". Retrieved 2015-09-02.
  44. ↑ "The Providence Journal | Rhode Island breaking news, sports, politics, business, entertainment, weather and traffic - providencejournal.com - Providence Journal". Projo.com. 2012-07-17. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  45. ↑ http://www.sciway.net/hist/sandlapper.html
  46. ↑ "The State of Tennessee - An Introduction to the Volunteer State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2012-07-22.
  47. ↑ de la Teja, Jesus F. (1997). "The Colonization and Independence of Texas: A Tejano Perspective". In Rodriguez O., Jaime E.; Vincent, Kathryn. Myths, Misdeeds, and Misunderstandings: The Roots of Conflict in U.S.–Mexican Relations. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Inc. p. 79. ISBN 0-8420-2662-2.
  48. ↑ "Do You Want to Be a Badger?". Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
  49. ↑ Kapler, Joseph, Jr. (Spring 2002). On Wisconsin Icons: When You Say 'Wisconsin', What Do You Say?. Wisconsin Historical Society. pp. 18–31. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
  50. ↑ Foamation: About Us. Foamation. Archived from the original on March 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-29.

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