List of poisonous fungi
For a more in-depth article on fungi that have caused deaths, see List of deadly fungi.
Poisonous fungi[1][2][3] include:
Agaricus
- Agaricus xanthodermus: It is poisonous for most people, causing gastrointestinal upsets but is eaten by some without apparent negative effect.
- Agaricus hondensis
Amanitaceae
- Amanita abrupta: The fruit bodies of Amanita abrupta are poisonous, and ingestion damages the liver; the toxicity is thought to be largely due to a rare amino acid. Although not considered as toxic as its infamous relatives the death cap and the destroying angel, A. abrupta is blamed for the deaths of two Japanese women in 1978. Poisoning symptoms included the abrupt appearance of violent vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration after a delay of 10–20 hours.
- Amanita arocheae: Deadly poisonous, it is a member of section phalloideae and related to the death cap A. phalloides.
- Amanita bisporigera: First described in 1906, A. bisporigera is classified in the section Phalloideae of the genus Amanita together with other amatoxin-containing species. Amatoxins are cyclic peptides which inhibit the enzyme RNA polymerase II and interfere with various cellular functions. The first symptoms of poisoning appear 6 to 24 hours after consumption, followed by a period of apparent improvement, then by symptoms of liver and kidney failure, and death after four days or more.
- Amanita brunnescens
- Amanita exitialis: Deadly. It has been estimated that about 50 grams (1.8 oz) of fresh mushrooms contains sufficient toxin to cause the death of a 50-kilogram (110 lb) adult.
- Amanita farinosa
- Amanita gemmata: It is deadly poisonous. Amanita gemmata is a hallucinogenic mushroom which contains ibotenic acid and muscimol.
- Amanita magnivelaris
- Amanita elliptosperma
- Amanita muscaria
- Amanita ocreata
- Amanita pantherina var. pantherina
- Amanita phalloides
- Amanita porphyria
- Amanita regalis
- Amanita smithiana
- Amanita subjunquillea
- Amanita verna
- Amanita virosa
- Amanita virosiformis
- Amanita xanthocephala
- Destroying angel (name applies to several similar species in the Amanita genus)
Boletus
Chlorophyllum
Clitocybe
Cortinarius
Entoloma
Galerina
Gomphus
- Gomphus floccosus (now Turbinellus floccosus)
Hebeloma
Helvella
Hypholoma
Inocybe
Lactarius
Lepiota
Omphalotus
Paxillus
Pholiotina
- Pholiotina rugosa, more commonly known as Conocybe filaris
Ramaria
Russula
Sarcosphaera
Scleroderma
Stropharia
Tricholoma
Trogia
- Trogia venenata, "little white mushroom" (cause of Yunnan sudden death syndrome)
See also
- List of deadly fungi
- List of poisonous animals
- List of poisonous plants
- Mushroom poisoning
- Mycotoxicology
- Mycotoxin
References
- ↑ Zeitlmayr, Linus (1976). Wild Mushrooms:An Illustrated Handbook. Hertfordshire: Garden City Press. ISBN 0-584-10324-7.
- ↑ Benjamin, Denis R. (1995). Mushrooms: poisons and panaceas—a handbook for naturalists, mycologists and physicians. New York, NY: WH Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-2649-4.
- ↑ "Mushroom toxins". fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 5/23/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.