Timeline of Atlanta
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Atlanta, Georgia, United States.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
19th century
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- 1821 – Creek Indians cede land that is now Metro Atlanta per treaty.[1]
- 1839 – Settlement of "Terminus" established (at what would be end of Western and Atlantic Railroad).[2]
- 1843 – Town of Marthasville incorporated.[1]
- 1845
- 1846 – Macon & Western RR connects Atlanta with port of Savannah.[1]
- 1847 – Town of Atlanta incorporated.[3]
- 1848 - Moses Formwalt becomes mayor.
- 1849 - Benjamin Bomar becomes mayor.
- 1850
- Population: 2,572
- Atlanta Cemetery founded.[1]
- 1851 - Western and Atlantic Railroad connects Atlanta to The Midwest.[4]
- 1852 - Atlanta & West Point Railroad built.[1]
- 1853 - Atlanta becomes seat of Fulton County.[1]
- 1855
- Atlanta Medical College established.[5]
- Gas lighting installed in city.[6]
- 1860
- Population: 9,554.[7]
- William Ezzard becomes mayor (1860 - 1861).
- 1861
- Jared Whitaker becomes mayor (1861 - 1861 - joined CSA government).
- Thomas Lowe becomes mayor (1861 - 1862).
- 1864
- James Calhoun becomes mayor (1862 - 1866).
- May–September: Union forces wage Atlanta Campaign.
- September 2: Union forces take city.[8]
- November 15: Burning of Atlanta by Union forces.[2]
- Nov. 26: Col. Luther J. Glenn is appointed commander of the Atlanta Post.[9]:182
- Dec. 5: Cap. Thomas L. Dodd is appointed the Provost-Marshal.[9]:182
- Dec 7: Gen. W. P. Howard sends his report to Governor Brown on the destruction of Atlanta.[9]:182-185[10]:407–412
- 1865
- Civil War ends; slaves freed.
- Atlanta University, first Atlanta black college, founded.
- 1867 - Young Men's Library Association founded.[11]
- 1868
- Atlanta becomes Georgia state capital.[1]
- Constitution newspaper begins publication.[12]
- 1869 - Clark College founded.
- 1870 - Population: 21,789.[7]
- 1871
- Horse-drawn streetcar begins operating.[1][13]
- Public school system organized.[5]
- 1877 - Washington Seminary established.
- 1878 - Southern Medical College established.[5]
- 1879
- Augusta Institute moves from Augusta to Atlanta and is renamed Atlanta Baptist Seminary.[14]
- Atlanta Building and Loan Association established.[15]
- 1880
- Abyssinian Library established.[16]
- Population: 37,409; Atlanta surpasses Savannah as Georgia's largest city.[7]
- 1881
- 1882 - Atlanta Fire Rescue Department established.
- 1883
- Atlanta Journal newspaper begins publication.[12]
- Capital City Club established.
- 1885 - Georgia Institute of Technology founded.
- 1886
- Ebenezer Baptist Church founded.[17]
- Atlanta goes "dry".
- Coca-Cola beverage introduced.[18]
- 1887
- Piedmont Exposition held.[5]
- Piedmont Driving Club[19] and Inman Park (first garden suburb) founded.
- Coca-Cola invents the coupon.
- 1888 - Atlanta Camera Club organized.[20]
- 1889
- First electric streetcars enable further expansion of city.
- Georgia State Capitol building opens.[5]
- Grant Park and Atlanta Zoo[21] established.
- Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills is incorporated.
- 1890 - Population: 65,533.[7]
- 1891 - Atlanta Consolidated Street Railway in business.
- 1892 - Grady Memorial Hospital opens.[5]
- 1895
- Cotton States and International Exposition held.[5]
- September: Booker T. Washington gives "Atlanta Compromise" Speech.[22]
- Atlanta Woman's Club founded.
- 1896 - Atlanta Conference of the Study of Negro Problems begins.[23]
- 1899 - Federal penitentiary established.[2]
20th century
1900s-1940s
- 1900 - Population: 89,872;[7] metro 419,375.
- 1901 - Atlanta Theological Seminary established.[5]
- 1902 - Carnegie Library opens.[24]
- 1904 - Atlanta Art Association formed.[25]
- 1905
- Atlanta School of Medicine[5] and Associated Charities of Atlanta[5] founded.
- Atlanta Mutual Insurance Association in business.[26][27]
- 1906 - September 22: Atlanta Race Riot kills 27.[28]
- 1907 - Atlanta Conservatory of Music founded.[13]
- 1908 - Atlanta Neighborhood Union organized.[23]
- 1909 - Architectural Arts League of Atlanta organized.[25]
- 1910
- Population: 154,839;[7] metro 522,442.
- Restaurants segregated; other Jim Crow laws follow.
- 1911 - Atlanta Debutante Club founded.[19]
- 1913
- Georgia Tech starts "evening college", now Georgia State.
- Augusta Institute established founded in 1867 is renamed Morehouse College.
- 1914
- Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta established.[29]
- Labor strike at Fulton Bag and Cotton Mills.[30]
- 1915
- Emory College relocated to Atlanta.
- November: Birth of a Nation film premieres.
- Ku Klux Klan refounded in Atlanta.[27][31]
- 1916
- 1917 - Great Atlanta fire.
- 1918 - 1918 influenza epidemic.[33]
- 1919 - Commission on Interracial Cooperation active.[27]
- 1920
- Butler Street YMCA opens.[34]
- Population: 200,616; metro 622,283.[7]
- 1921 - Atlanta Junior Chamber (JCI Atlanta) established.
- 1923 - Spring Street Viaduct opens, downtown rises above train tracks.
- 1926 - Atlanta Historical Society founded.
- 1927 - Atlanta Historical Bulletin begins publication.
- 1928 - Atlanta World newspaper begins publication.
- 1929
- Atlanta University Center Consortium established.
- City Hall built.[2]
- January 15: Martin Luther King, Jr. is born.
- 1930 - Population: 270,366; metro 715,391.[7]
- 1933 - Georgia Municipal Association headquartered in city.
- 1935 - Cascade Theatre opens.[35]
- 1936
- Atlanta Dogwood Festival begins.[36]
- William B. Hartsfield elected mayor.
- Techwood Homes built, first public housing in US.
- 1939
- Plaza Theatre opens.
- Gone with the Wind world premiere draws 300,000 to streets.
- 1940
- Euclid Theatre opens.
- Population: 302,288.[7]
- 1941 - Central Atlanta Progress established.
- 1944
- Atlanta Campaign National Historic Site established.[2]
- Southern Regional Council and Associated Klans of Georgia headquartered in city.
- 1945 - Mary Mac's Tea Room in business.
- 1946
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention founded.
- December 7: Winecoff Hotel fire.[37]
- 1947 - Regional Metropolitan Planning Commission established.[38]
- 1949
- WAGA-TV and WERD-AM radio[39] begin broadcasting.
- Atlanta Negro Voters League founded.[39]
- Last streetcar line converted to trolleybus.
1950s-1990s
- 1950
- Population: 331,314;[7] metro 997,666.
- Transit strike, Atlanta Transit Co. takes over transit from Georgia Railway and Power.
- 1952 - Buckhead annexed.
- 1953 - Links chapter established.[26]
- 1956 - Alexander Memorial Coliseum opens.
- 1957 - Southern Christian Leadership Conference headquartered in city.[40]
- 1958
- October 12: Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple bombing.
- Atlanta Masjid of Al-Islam established.[41]
- 1959 - Trolleybuses, buses, public library desegregated.
- Lenox Square mall opens.
- Metro population hits 1 million.
- 1960
- Population: 487,455;[7] metro 1,312,474.
- March 15: An Appeal for Human Rights is released.
- Civil Rights sit-ins at Rich's, lunch counters.[42][40]
- Atlanta Inquirer newspaper begins publication.[43]
- 1961
- Ivan Allen, Jr. becomes mayor.
- Public schools begin token desegregation.[43]
- Rich's desegregates restaurant.
- John Portman opens Merchandise Mart, kicking off transformation of downtown.
- One Park Tower built.
- 1962
- Peyton Road barricades built in Cascade Heights.[27]
- 106 Atlanta art patrons die in Paris air crash.
- 1963
- Atlanta Marathon begins.
- Trolleybuses converted en masse to buses.
- 1964 - Atlanta Track Club established.
- 1966 - State of Georgia Building constructed.
- 1967
- Atlanta Chiefs soccer team begins play.
- Sister city relationship established with Salzburg, Austria.[44]
- 1968
- King Center for Nonviolent Social Change founded.
- Peach Bowl annual football game begins.
- Atlanta Hawks basketball team relocates to Atlanta.
- Equitable Building constructed.
- 1969
- 1970
- Peachtree Road Race begins.
- Population: 496,973;[7] metro 1,763,626
- 1971
- Atlanta Gay Pride Festival established.
- International flights begin at Hartsfield Airport.[45]
- 1972 - Sister city relationships established with Montego Bay, Jamaica; and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[44]
- 1973 - Maynard Jackson becomes first black mayor of Atlanta.
- 1974
- 1975 - Centennial Tower built.
- 1976
- Atlanta Botanical Garden established.
- Atlanta Film Festival begins.
- Georgia World Congress Center opens.
- National Conference of Black Mayors headquartered in city.[23][47]
- 1977
- Atlanta Soto Zen Center founded.
- Sister city relationship established with Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.[44]
- 1979
- Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority begins operating.
- Atlanta murders of 1979–1981 begin.
- 1980
- Population: 425,022;[7] metro 2,233,324.
- All-news television network CNN begins broadcasting; Turner empire takes off.[48]
- Al-Farooq Masjid (mosque)[41] and Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site established.
- 1981
- Atlanta Gay Men's Chorus founded.
- Sister city relationship established with Daegu, South Korea.[44]
- 1982
- Andrew Young becomes mayor.
- Carter Center headquartered in Atlanta.
- 1983
- Atlanta–Fulton Public Library System established.
- Sister city relationship established with Brussels, Belgium.[44]
- 1984 - Sweet Auburn Heritage Festival begins.
- 1986
- Jimmy Carter Library and Museum dedicated.
- Midtown Assistance Center established.[41]
- 1987
- John Lewis becomes U.S. representative for Georgia's 5th congressional district.[49]
- Sister city relationship established with Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.[44]
- 1988
- Democratic Convention.
- Sister city relationship established with Tbilisi, Georgia.[44]
- 1990 - Population: 394,017;[7] metro 2,959,950.
- 1991
- Atlanta Bicycle Coalition organized.
- Land bank established.[50]
- Drepung Loseling Institute opens.[41]
- 1992
- Georgia Dome opens.
- SunTrust Plaza and Bank of America Plaza built.
- 1994 - Sister city relationships established with Bucharest, Romania;[44] and Ancient Olympia, Greece.
- 1995
- October 28: Atlanta Braves baseball team wins 1995 World Series.
- Atlanta Downtown Improvement District established.
- Sister city relationship established with Cotonou, Benin.[44]
- 1996
- July–August: Summer Olympics.
- July 27: Centennial Olympic Park bombing.
- Sister city relationship established with Salcedo, Dominican Republic.[44]
- 1998
- 1999
- Philips Arena opens.
- Atlanta Thrashers ice hockey team begins play.
21st century
- 2000
- Freedom Park dedicated.
- Sister city relationship established with Ra'anana, Israel.[44]
- Population: 416,474; metro 4,112,198.
- 2001 - The Atlanta Journal-Constitution newspaper in publication.
- 2002 - Shirley Franklin becomes mayor.
- 2003 - Fermi Project established.
- 2004 - Atlanta Rollergirls established.
- 2005
- 2008
- Delta becomes world's largest airline.
- March 14–15: 2008 Atlanta tornado outbreak.
- 2010 - Population: 420,003; metro 5,268,860.[52]
- 2011
- July: Atlanta Public Schools cheating scandal investigative report issued.
- Atlanta first US city to demolish all public housing projects.
- 2012 - Part of BeltLine path opens.[53]
- 2014 - National Center for Civil and Human Rights opens.
- 2016 - Murder Kroger closes.
See also
Other cities in Georgia
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Federal Writers' Project 1942, p. 241+.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 117, OL 6112221M
- ↑ George White (1849), Statistics of the State of Georgia, Savannah: W. Thorne Williams, OCLC 1349061
- ↑ "Atlanta History - Tours of Atlanta". www.toursofatlanta.com. Retrieved 2015-11-19.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Britannica 1910.
- ↑ Adiel Sherwood (1860), Gazetteer of Georgia (4th ed.), Macon, Ga: S. Boykin
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
- ↑ "Timeline of the American Civil War". Britain and the American Civil War. Online Exhibitions. British Library. 2013.
- 1 2 3 Cooper, Official History of Fulton County
- ↑ Davis, What the Yankees Did to Us
- ↑ Davies Project. "American Libraries before 1876". Princeton University. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- 1 2 "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- 1 2 Hornady 1922.
- ↑ Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (1999), "Morehouse College", Africana: the Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, New York: Basic Civitas Books, p. 1334, ISBN 0465000711
- ↑ Brownell 1975.
- ↑ Weston Flint (1893), "Georgia", Statistics of Public Libraries in the United States and Canada, Washington, DC: Government Printing Office
- ↑ "About Us". Atlanta: Ebenezer Baptist Church. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- ↑ Andrew F. Smith (2011). "Chronology". Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-39393-8.
- 1 2 3 Atlanta History Center. "Finding Aids For Archives and Manuscripts". Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ↑ "American and Western Photographic Societies", International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin, New York: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company, 1890
- ↑ Vernon N. Kisling, Jr., ed. (2001). "Zoological Gardens of the United States (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ↑ Nell Irvin Painter (2006). "Timelines". Creating Black Americans: African-American History and Its Meanings, 1619 to the Present. Oxford University Press. p. 361+. ISBN 978-0-19-513755-2.
- 1 2 3 4 Nina Mjagkij, ed. (2001), Organizing Black America: an Encyclopedia of African American Associations, Garland, ISBN 9780815323099
- ↑ Atlanta, Carnegie Library of (December 1902), Carnegie Library Bulletin, 1, Atlanta, Ga.
- 1 2 Florence Levy, ed. (1911), American Art Annual, 9, New York
- 1 2 3 Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History. "Finding Aids For Archives and Manuscripts". Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 Appiah 1999.
- ↑ Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (1999), "Atlanta Riot of 1906", Africana: the Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, New York: Basic Civitas Books, p. 148+, ISBN 0465000711
- ↑ "A History: the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 1914-1989". Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- ↑ Aaron Brenner; Benjamin Day; Immanuel Ness, eds. (2015) [2009]. "Timeline". Encyclopedia of Strikes in American History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-45707-7.
- ↑ Kenneth T. Jackson (1992) [1967]. The Ku Klux Klan in the City, 1915-1930. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee. ISBN 978-1-4617-3005-7.
- ↑ Scott 2000.
- ↑ "50 U.S. Cities and Their Stories: Atlanta", American Influenza Epidemic of 1918-1919: a Digital Encyclopedia, University of Michigan, retrieved February 1, 2016 (includes timeline)
- ↑ Nina Mjagkij (1994). Light in the Darkness: African Americans and the YMCA, 1852-1946. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2801-3.
- 1 2 "Movie Theaters in Atlanta, GA". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- ↑ "Atlanta Dogwood Festival History". Atlanta Dogwood Festival. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- ↑ Ross Gregory (2003). "Chronology". Cold War America, 1946 To 1990. Facts on File. ISBN 978-1-4381-0798-1.
- ↑ "ARC History, Funding and Membership". Atlanta Regional Commission. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
- 1 2 Quintard Taylor (ed.), BlackPast.org, Seattle, Washington
- 1 2 Robert L. Harris Jr.; Rosalyn Terborg-Penn (2013). "Chronology". Columbia Guide to African American History Since 1939. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-51087-5.
- 1 2 3 4 Pluralism Project. "Atlanta, Georgia". Directory of Religious Centers. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- ↑ "Cases: United States". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Pennsylvania: Swarthmore College. Retrieved October 13, 2013.
- 1 2 Hein 1972.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "List of Atlanta's 18 Sister Cities". City of Atlanta, GA. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
- ↑ Dameron 1997.
- ↑ "NCGA Co-ops: Georgia". Iowa: National Cooperative Grocers Association.
- ↑ "Founders". National Conference of Black Mayors. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
- ↑ Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell, ed. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
- ↑ "Georgia". Official Congressional Directory. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. 1989.
- ↑ "Blighted Cities", CQ Researcher, 20, 2010(subscription required)
- ↑ "City of Atlanta Web Site". Archived from the original on December 1998 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Largest Urbanized Areas With Selected Cities and Metro Areas (2010)". US Census Bureau. 2012.
- ↑ "A Glorified Sidewalk, and the Path to Transform Atlanta", New York Times, September 12, 2016
Bibliography
Published in the 19th century
- 1860s-1870s
- V. T. Barnwell (1867), Barnwell's Atlanta city directory, and strangers' guide, Atlanta: Intelligencer Book and Job Office
- Atlanta City Directory for 1870. Atlanta, Georgia: William R. Hanleiter. 1870.
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "Atlanta", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202
- Atlanta City Directory for 1872. Atlanta, Georgia: Plantation Publishing Co. 1872.
- Charles H. Jones (1873), "Atlanta", Appletons' Hand-book of American Travel: the Southern Tour, New York: D. Appleton & Co.
- Directory of the City of Atlanta for 1877. A.E. Sholes. 1877.
- E.Y. Clarke (1877), Illustrated History of Atlanta, J. P. Harrison
- 1880s-1890s
- Atlanta City Directory. Sholes & Co. 1882.
- Jacob D. Cox (1882), Atlanta, New York: C. Scribner's Sons
- I.W. Avery (1885). Atlanta: the leader in trade, population, wealth and manufactures in Georgia. Atlanta: Constitution Publishing Co.
- Wallace Putnam Reed (1889), History of Atlanta, Georgia, Syracuse, N.Y: D. Mason & Co.
- Atlanta City Directory. Atlanta, Ga.: R.L. Polk & Co. 1891.
- E.R. Carter (1894), The black side: a partial history of the business, religious and educational side of the Negro in Atlanta, Ga., Atlanta
- Atlanta City Directory for 1896. Franklin Printing and Publishing Co. 1896.
- Atlanta City Directory for 1898. Bullock and Saunders. 1898.
- Handbook of the City of Atlanta, Atlanta: Atlanta City Council, 1898
- "City of Atlanta", Rand, McNally & Co.'s Handy Guide to the Southeastern States, Chicago: Rand, McNally & Co., 1899
Published in the 20th century
- 1900s-1940s
- "Atlanta", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
- Edward Young Clarke, ed. (1902), Atlanta: greatest city of the great South
- Thomas H. Martin (1902), Atlanta and its builders, Atlanta: Century Memorial Publishing Co.; v.2
- Pioneer citizens' history of Atlanta, 1833-1902, Atlanta, Ga.: Pioneer Citizens' Society, 1902, OCLC 1850685
- Atlanta, Carnegie Library of (March 1903), "Finding List Georgia Collection: Atlanta", Carnegie Library Bulletin, Atlanta, Ga., 1 (8)
- Atlanta City Directory. Foote & Davies Co. 1904
- Atlanta, a twentieth-century city, Atlanta: Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, 1904
- J.D. Cleaton (1907), Atlanta: Metropolis of the South, Atlanta: Franklin-Turner
- "Atlanta", United States (4th ed.), Leipzig: K. Baedeker, 1909, OCLC 02338437
- "Atlanta", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
- "Atlanta, Georgia". The Modern City. League of American Municipalities. 3. December 1918.
- Atlanta City Directory. Atlanta City Directory Co. 1919.
- Atlanta City Directory. 1922.
- John R. Hornady (1922), Atlanta: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, American Cities Book Company
- Federal Writers' Project (1942), "Chronology", Atlanta, American Guide Series, New York: Smith & Durrell, p. 241+
- 1950s-1990s
- "Atlanta, Pacesetter City of the South", National Geographic Magazine, Washington DC, 135, 1969
- Virginia H. Hein (1972). "The Image of 'A City Too Busy to Hate': Atlanta in the 1960's". Phylon. 33. JSTOR 273521.
- James C. Starbuck (1974), Historic Atlanta to 1930: an indexed, chronological bibliography, Monticello, Ill., OCLC 933763
- Blaine A. Brownell (1975). "Commercial-Civic Elite and City Planning in Atlanta, Memphis, and New Orleans in the 1920s". Journal of Southern History. 41. JSTOR 2206403.
- George J. Lankevich (1977), Howard B. Furer, ed., Atlanta: a chronological & documentary history, 1813-1976, American Cities Chronology Series, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, ISBN 0379006189
- Ory Mazar Nergal, ed. (1980), "Atlanta, GA", Encyclopedia of American Cities, New York: E.P. Dutton, OL 4120668M
- Clarence N. Stone (1989). Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946-1988. Studies in Government and Public Policy. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700604154.
- George Thomas Kurian (1994), "Atlanta, Georgia", World Encyclopedia of Cities, 1: North America, Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO (fulltext via Open Library)
- Rebecca J. Dameron and Arthur D. Murphy (1997). "An International City Too Busy To Hate? Social And Cultural Change In Atlanta: 1970-1995". Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development. 26. JSTOR 40553316.
- Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates, ed. (1999), "Atlanta", Africana: the Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, New York: Basic Civitas Books, p. 147+, OL 43540M
- "Georgia: Atlanta", USA, Australia: Lonely Planet, 1999, p. 541+, OL 19682441M
Published in the 21st century
- Robert D. Bullard et al., eds (2000). Sprawl City: Race, Politics, and Planning in Atlanta. Washington, DC: Island Press.
- Carole E. Scott and Richard D. Guynn (2000). "The Atlanta Streetcar Strikes". Georgia Historical Quarterly. 84. JSTOR 40584340.
- Larry Keating (2001). Atlanta: Race, Class And Urban Expansion. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-4399-0449-7.
- Paul S. Boyer, ed. (2001). "Atlanta". Oxford Companion to United States History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508209-8.
- David Goldfield, ed. (2007). "Atlanta, Georgia". Encyclopedia of American Urban History. Sage. pp. 50–52. ISBN 978-1-4522-6553-7.
- David L. Sjoquist, ed. (2009). Past Trends and Future Prospects of the American City: The Dynamics of Atlanta. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7391-3537-2. (About economic aspects of city)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atlanta, Georgia. |
- "Atlanta", New Georgia Encyclopedia, Georgia Humanities Council
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Atlanta, various dates.
- Europeana. Items related to Atlanta, Georgia, various dates.
Coordinates: 33°45′18″N 84°23′24″W / 33.755°N 84.39°W
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