Timeline of Philadelphia
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
17th-18th centuries
- 1682 – Philadelphia founded as capital of the English Crown Province of Pennsylvania by William Penn.
- 1685 – Quaker meeting house built
- 1689 – William Penn Charter School founded.[1]
- 1691 – Appointment of first mayor, Humphrey Morrey, by Penn.
- 1700 – Swedish Lutheran Gloria Dei Church consecrated.[2]
- 1703 – Flower's coffeehouse in business.[3]
- 1710 – Town Hall built.[4]
- 1711 – Trinity Church built.
- 1719 – American Weekly Mercury newspaper begins publication.[5]
- 1722 – James Logan becomes mayor.
- 1728
- Pennsylvania Gazette newspaper begins publication.[6]
- Printer Benjamin Franklin in business.[7]
- 1731 – Library Company of Philadelphia established
- 1735 – Pennsylvania State House built.[8]
- 1736 – Union Fire Company formed
- 1740 – Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel founded.
- 1742
- The Pennsylvania Journal newspaper begins publication.[5]
- October: Philadelphia Election Riot.
- 1743 – Philosophical Society founded.
- 1744 – Christ Church built.
- 1745 – New Market built.[9]
- 1749 – Academy of Philadelphia founded.
- 1751
- Street lighting begins.[9]
- Pennsylvania Hospital founded.
- 1753 – Bell hung in tower of State House.
- 1755 – College of Philadelphia chartered.
- 1757 – Amicable Library Co. founded.[10]
- 1766 – American Society for Promoting Useful Knowledge established.[11]
- 1767
- January 6: Pennsylvania Chronicle newspaper begins publication.[6]
- November: Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania begin publication.
- New Circulating Library in business.[10]
- 1769 – American Philosophical Society formed.[8]
- 1771
- Carpenters' Hall in use.
- Pennsylvania Packet newspaper begins publication.[6]
- Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick founded.[12]
- 1773 – Walnut Street Jail in operation.[13]
- 1774
- First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry organized.
- September 5: First Continental Congress of the United Colonies begins meeting in Carpenters' Hall.
- 1775
- April 14: Pennsylvania Abolition Society founded.
- May 10: Second Continental Congress of the thirteen colonies begins.
- Samuel Powel becomes mayor.
- The United States Marine Corps founded in Tun Tavern.
- 1776
- January 10: Thomas Paine's Common Sense published.
- July 4: United States Declaration of Independence signed in the Pennsylvania State House.
- 1781 – The Religious Society of Free Quakers founded.
- 1783 – June 20: Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783.
- 1784
- Charles Willson Peale's Philadelphia Museum founded.[11]
- Dock Street laid out.[8]
- 1785 – Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture instituted.[8]
- 1786
- 1787
- May–September: U.S. Constitutional Convention held.
- College of Physicians,[11] Free African Society,[15][16] and Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons[13] founded.
- 1789 – Pennsylvania Abolition Society for the Abolition of Slavery incorporated.[8]
- 1790
- November: George Washington moves into President's House on High Street.
- December: United States capital relocates to Philadelphia from New York City.
- Philadelphia Stock Exchange founded.
- General Advertiser newspaper begins publication.[5]
- Population: 28,522.[17]
- 1791
- City Hall building constructed; U.S. Supreme Court convenes.[18]
- University of Pennsylvania established.[8]
- 1792
- Philadelphia Medical Society incorporated.[11]
- Philadelphia Mint building constructed.[19]
- 1793 – Yellow Fever Epidemic.
- 1794
- Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Society for the Information and Assistance of Emigrants,[8] and Byberry Library[10] established.
- 1798 – Bank of the United States opens.[8]
19th century
1800s-1840s
- 1800 – United States capital relocates from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C.
- 1801
- Chamber of Commerce established.[11]
- St. Augustine Church built.
- The Port Folio magazine begins publication.
- 1805
- 1806 - U.S. Supreme Court decides Commonwealth v. Pullis, criminalizing labor strikes.[14]
- 1807 – First African Presbyterian Church founded.[15]
- 1809 – First African Baptist Church founded.[15]
- 1810
- Columbian Garden opens on Market Street.[22]
- Population: 53,722.
- 1811 – Girard Bank founded.
- 1812
- Colossus Bridge built near city.
- Pennsylvania's capital moved to Harrisburg.
- 1813 – Analectic Magazine begins publication.[23]
- 1814 – Athenaeum of Philadelphia founded.[11]
- 1816 – African Methodist Episcopal Church (denomination)[24] and Philadelphia Saving Fund Society founded.
- 1817 – Academy of Natural Sciences incorporated.[11]
- 1820 – Apprentices' Library Company founded.[10]
- 1821 – Mercantile Library Company and Philadelphia College of Pharmacy[11] established.
- 1822
- Chestnut Street Theatre built.[11]
- Volunteer Corps of Light Infantry and Southwark Library[11] established.
- 1824
- Historical Society of Pennsylvania and Franklin Institute[11] and American Sunday School Union[25] established.
- 1826 – The Casket magazine begins publication.[26]
- 1827 – Pennsylvania Horticultural Society established.
- 1828 – Register of Pennsylvania begins publication.[27]
- 1829
- Pennsylvania Inquirer newspaper begins publication.[5]
- Eastern State Penitentiary built.
- 1830 – Population: 80,462.
- 1831
- June: Convention of the People of Colour held.[28]
- Baldwin Locomotive Works and Philadelphia Glee Association[29] established.
- 1834 – Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad and Merchants' Exchange Building constructed.
- 1835 – June: 1835 Philadelphia general strike.
- 1836 – Public Ledger newspaper begins publication.[5]
- 1837
- Institute for Colored Youth founded.
- Ladies' Garland magazine[30] and Burton's Gentleman's Magazine begin publication.
- 1842
- Lombard Street Riot.
- Augustinian College of Vilanova founded near city.
- 1844 – May–July: Philadelphia Nativist Riots.
- 1845 – American Literary Union organized.[31]
- 1848
- Philadelphia School of Design for Women founded.
- Girard College opens.
- St. Augustine Church rebuilt.
1850s-1890s
- 1850 – Population: 121,376.
- 1852 – AME Christian Recorder newspaper begins publication.[5]
- 1854
- October: National Women's Rights Convention held.
- City expands to encompass all of Philadelphia County, including: Aramingo Borough, Belmont District, Blockley Township, Bridesburg Borough, Bristol Township, Byberry Township, Delaware Township, Frankford Borough, Germantown Borough, Germantown Township, Kensington District, Kingsessing Township, Lower Dublin Township, Manayunk Borough, Moreland Township, Moyamensing District, Northern Liberties District, Northern Liberties Township, Oxford Township, Passyunk Township, Penn District, Penn Township, Philadelphia City, Roxborough Township, Richmond District, Southwark District, Spring Garden District, West Philadelphia Borough, and Whitehall Borough.
- YMCA Philadelphia and Western Library Association of Philadelphia[32] founded.
- 1855 – Girard Avenue Bridge built.
- 1856 – June: Republican National Convention held.
- 1857
- Academy of Music building constructed.
- Library & Reading Room Assoc. founded.[10]
- 1858 – Mütter Museum established.
- 1860
- June 9: Japanese embassy arrives.
- Philadelphia Sketch Club organized.
- Population: 565,529.[17]
- 1862
- Photographic Society of Philadelphia[33] and Union League of Philadelphia founded.
- William Cramp & Sons shipbuilders in business.[34]
- 1864
- Pennsylvania Equal Rights League headquartered in city.[35]
- Philadelphia Photographer magazine begins publication.
- Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul built.[36]
- June: Sanitary Fair held.[37]
- 1865
- Benjamin Guggenheim was an American businessman who was born in Philadelphia and died aboard RMS Titanic [38] when the ship sank in the North Atlantic Ocean. His body was never recovered.[39]
- 1866
- August: National Union Convention held.[1]
- Birely, Hillman & Streaker (shipbuilders) and Green's Hotel[40] in business.
- Chestnut Street Bridge opens.
- 1868 – Strawbridge & Clothier in business.
- 1869
- Knights of Labor established.[41]
- N.W. Ayer in business.
- 1870 - Population: 674,022.[17]
- 1873
- Philadelphia Fire Department established.
- Masonic Temple built.[42]
- Dutrieuille caterers in business.[43][44]
- 1874 – Philadelphia Zoo opens.[19]
- 1876
- May 10: Centennial International Exhibition opens.
- Workingmen's Party of America founded in Philadelphia.[45][46]
- 1877 – Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art opens.[47]
- 1878 – October 24: Storm.[1]
- 1882 – Philadelphia Association of Textile Manufacturers formed.[47]
- 1883 – Philadelphia Phillies baseball team formed.
- 1884
- 1887 – September: U.S. Constitution centennial.[48]
- 1890
- Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church built.
- Population: 1,046,964.[42]
- Frankford Camera Club organized.[49]
- 1891 – Free Library of Philadelphia and Geographical Club of Philadelphia established.[50]
- 1892
- Electric trolley begins operating.[37]
- Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania founded.
- 1893
- Reading Terminal station opens.
- Wilstach Gallery opens in West Fairmount Park.[51]
- 1897 – American Negro Historical Society[44] and Berean Manual Training and Industrial School[15] established.
- 1898 – October: Peace Jubilee held.[52]
- 1899 – Penn Museum building constructed.
20th century
1900s-1940s
- 1900
- June: 1900 Republican National Convention held.
- Philadelphia Orchestra founded.
- North American Building constructed.
- Population: 1,293,697.[53]
- 1902
- 1901 – Philadelphia City Hall built.
- 1903 – Textile strike.[40]
- 1905 – City Club of Philadelphia chartered.[55]
- 1907 – Broad Street Subway begins operation.
- 1909 – Bureau of Municipal Research established.[56]
- 1910
- Philadelphia general strike (1910).[14]
- Population: 1,549,008.[42]
- 1914 – Empress Theater[57] and Christian Street YMCA[58] open.
- 1915 – Martin Nodell was born in Philadelphia.[59]
- 1917 – American Stores Company in business.[60]
- 1918 – Airport opens.[40]
- 1919
- 1920
- 1921 – Municipal piers built on Delaware River.[37]
- 1923 – Philadelphia trolley bus (trackless trolley) system opens.
- 1924 – Curtis Institute of Music established.[40]
- 1925 – Philadelphia Daily News begins publication.[5]
- 1926
- Roosevelt Theatre[57] and Benjamin Franklin Bridge to Camden, New Jersey open.
- May 31: Sesquicentennial Exposition opens.[62]
- 1927
- Philadelphia Municipal Airport dedicated.
- Parkway Central Library opens.
- 1928
- Forrest Theatre and Boyd Theatre open.[57][63]
- Philadelphia Museum of Art building constructed.
- 1929
- Uptown Theater opens.
- Rodin Museum dedicated.[40]
- 1930 – Population: 1,950,961.[40]
- 1931
- Municipal Auditorium opens.[40]
- Girard Trust Building constructed.
- Philadelphia Society for the Preservation of Landmarks founded.
- 1932
- Philadelphia Saving Fund Society Building constructed.
- Market Street Bridge rebuilt.
- 1933
- Pennsylvania Station–30th Street opens.
- Philadelphia Eagles NFL team founded.
- 1935 – United States Post Office-Main Branch built.
- 1936 – Democratic National Convention held.[40]
- 1937 – Philadelphia Housing Authority established.
- 1938 – Jack and Jill (organization) founded.[64]
- 1940s – Apex School of Beauty Culture in business.[44]
- 1940
- Philadelphia Transportation Company begins operation, replacing the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company
- Population: 1,931,334.[53]
- 1941 – Philadelphia History Museum dedicated.
- 1943 – September 6: Frankford Junction train wreck.
- 1944 – August: Philadelphia transit strike of 1944.[65]
- 1945 – Philadelphia Northeast Airport opens.
- 1946
- 1948 – June: 1948 Republican National Convention held.
- 1949 – Philadelphia Textile Institute established.[47]
1950s-1990s
- 1950
- Philadelphia Civic Grand Opera Company active.
- Population: 2,071,605.
- 1952 - Philadelphia City Archives established.[67][68]
- 1955 – Philadelphia Historical Commission and Foreign Policy Research Institute established.
- 1956 – Independence National Historical Park established.
- 1958
- Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company active.
- Japanese House and Garden installed in West Fairmount Park.
- Robert Nix becomes U.S. representative for Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district.[69][70]
- 1963 - Syracuse Nationals move to Philadelphia and become the 76ers.
- 1964
- August: 1964 Philadelphia race riot.[71]
- Society Hill Towers built.
- Sister city relationship established with Florence, Italy.[72]
- 1965
- JFK Plaza constructed.
- Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission[73] and Society Hill Civic Association[74] formed.
- 1966 - Sister city relationship established with Tel Aviv, Israel.[72]
- 1967
- Temple University's Urban Archives (of Philadelphia) established.[75][68]
- Philadelphia Flyers NHL team founded.
- 1968
- SEPTA takes over the Philadelphia Transportation Company
- Philadelphia Boys Choir founded.
- 1970
- September: Revolutionary People's Constitutional Convention held in city.[76]
- Le Bec-Fin restaurant in business.
- Population: 1,948,609.
- 1971 – Mariposa Food Co-op established.[77][78]
- 1972
- Frank Rizzo becomes mayor.
- One Meridian Plaza built.
- 1974 – Philadelphia Green launched.
- 1975
- August: 1975 Philadelphia Refinery Fire.
- Opera Company of Philadelphia formed.
- 1976
- African American Museum in Philadelphia and National Museum of American Jewish History established.
- Gray's Ferry Bridge opens.
- Sister city relationship established with Toruń, Poland.[72]
- 1977 – The Gallery at Market East shopping mall opens.
- 1980
- Population: 1,688,210.
- March 21: Angelo Bruno assassinated outside his home. The murder was orchestrated by his consigliere, Antonio Caponigro, who was unhappy with Bruno's conservative leadership style and had been led to believe that, if he attempted a coup, he would have the support of the Genovese crime family.[79] That April, Caponigro visited New York City, apparently under the assumption he was about to be confirmed as boss. Instead, he was tortured and murdered.[80]
- Sister city relationship established with Tianjin, China.[72]
- Philadelphia Phillies win the World Series.
- 1981 – Philadelphia City Paper begins publication.
- 1983 – SEPTA Regional Rail begins operating.[73]
- 1984
- Market East Station (now Jefferson Station) and Center City Commuter Connection open.[73]
- Ashram established by Prakashanand Saraswati.[81]
- Sister city relationship established with Incheon, South Korea.[72]
- 1985 – The MOVE bombing in West Philadelphia kills 11 people and destroys about 60 homes.
- 1986
- 1987
- One Liberty Place built.
- The Roots (band) formed.
- 1988 – Vox Populi founded.[82]
- 1989 – Dock Street Brewing Company pub in business.
- 1990 - Population: 1,585,577.[17]
- 1992
- First Friday begins in Old Town.[54]
- Sister city relationship established with Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.[72]
- 1992 - Ed Rendell becomes mayor of Philadelphia.
- 1993 – Pennsylvania Convention Center opens.
- 1995 – Chaka Fattah becomes Pennsylvania's 2nd congressional district representative.[83]
- 1996
- City website online (approximate date).[84]
- Wilma Theater and CoreStates Center (arena) open.
- 1998 – Bob Brady becomes Pennsylvania's 1st congressional district representative.[83]
21st century
- 2000
- May 18: Philadelphia Pier 34 collapse.
- December 28: Lex Street Massacre.
- John F. Street becomes mayor.
- Republican National Convention held in Philadelphia.
- Population: 1,517,550.[53]
- 2001 – Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts opens.
- 2004
- Iraq Veterans Against the War headquartered in Philadelphia.[85]
- Citizens Bank Park opens.
- 2005 – July 4: Philadelphia Freedom Concert held.
- 2006 – PlanPhilly begins publication.[86]
- 2007
- Hacktory established.[87]
- November 6: Philadelphia mayoral election, 2007.
- 2008
- Ignite Philly[88] and 8static chip music event[89] begin.
- Michael Nutter becomes mayor.
- Comcast Center built.
- South Asian American Digital Archive headquartered in city.
- Philadelphia Phillies win the World Series.
- 2009
- 2010 - Population: 1,526,006; metro 5,965,343.[91]
- 2011
- October: Occupy Philadelphia begins.
- November 8: Philadelphia mayoral election, 2011.
- Philly Tech Week begins.
- Population: 1,536,471; metro 5,992,414.[92]
- 2012
- City open data and government transparency order enacted.[93][94]
- Barnes Foundation relocates to the Parkway.[36]
- 2013
- June 5: Building collapse in Center City.
- Axis Philly begins publication.[95]
- 2015
- May 12: 2015 Philadelphia train derailment.
- September 2015: Pope Francis' visit to the United States, concluding with the visit to Philadelphia, for the 2015 World Meeting of Families.
- 2016
- January 4: Jim Kenney becomes mayor of Philadelphia.
- July: 2016 Democratic National Convention held in city.
See also
- History of Philadelphia
- List of mayors of Philadelphia
- Philadelphia Register of Historic Places
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- History of rail transport in Philadelphia
- Timeline of Pennsylvania[96]
Other cities in Pennsylvania
References
- 1 2 3 Haydn 1910.
- ↑ Childs 1827.
- ↑ Markman Ellis (2004). The Coffee-House: a Cultural History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0297843192.
- ↑ McCarthy 1990.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "U.S. Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Library of Congress. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
- 1 2 3 Ingram 1912.
- ↑ "Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin (timeline)", Ben Franklin: Glimpses of the Man, Franklin Institute, 1994, retrieved July 30, 2014
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Moore 1804.
- 1 2 Carl Bridenbaugh (1971), Cities in Revolt: Urban Life in America, 1743–1776, London: Oxford University Press, OL 16383796M
- 1 2 3 4 5 Davies Project. "American Libraries before 1876". Princeton University. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Carey 1830.
- ↑ Clark 1973.
- 1 2 Mary Bosworth, ed. (2005). "Chronology". Encyclopedia of Prisons and Correctional Facilities. Sage. ISBN 978-1-4522-6542-1.
- 1 2 3 Aaron Brenner; Benjamin Day; Immanuel Ness, eds. (2015) [2009]. "Timeline". Encyclopedia of Strikes in American History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-45707-7.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Wright 1907.
- ↑ Quintard Taylor (ed.), BlackPast.org, retrieved October 10, 2013
- 1 2 3 4 Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, US Census Bureau, 1998
- ↑ "History of the Court". Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court Historical Society.
- 1 2 Bernard Trawicky (2000). Anniversaries and Holidays (5th ed.). American Library Association. ISBN 978-0-8389-1004-7.
- ↑ "History and Timeline". Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
- ↑ "United States and Canada, 1800–1900 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ↑ Jackson 1918.
- ↑ Smyth 1892.
- ↑ James T. Haley, ed. (1895), Afro-American Encyclopaedia, Nashville: Haley & Florida
- ↑ American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge. Boston: Charles Bowen. 1836.
- ↑ The Casket, or, Flowers of Literature, Wit & Sentiment, Philadelphia, 1826
- ↑ Samuel Hazard, ed. (1828), Register of Pennsylvania, 1, Philadelphia
- ↑ "Conventions Organized by Year". Colored Conventions. University of Delaware. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
- ↑ Gray 1834.
- ↑ Frank Luther Mott (1930). History of American Magazines: 1741–1850. Harvard University Press.
- ↑ McElroy 1867.
- ↑ Barnwell 1900.
- ↑ "About". Photographic Society of Philadelphia. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- ↑ Young 1898.
- ↑ Joe Trotter and Eric Ledell Smith, ed. (1997). African Americans in Pennsylvania. Penn State Press. ISBN 0271016868.
- 1 2 "History of the Parkway (timeline)". Philadelphia: Parkway Council Foundation. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 "Print and Photograph Collections". ImPAC: Digital Collections. Library Company of Philadelphia. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ↑ Benjamin Guggenheim was an American businessman who was born in Philadelphia and died aboard RMS Titanic
- ↑ "Benjamin Guggenheim". biography.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Federal Writers' Project 1937.
- ↑ William Dwight Porter Bliss, ed. (1897). Encyclopedia of Social Reform. New York: Funk & Wagnells Company.
- 1 2 3 4 Britannica 1910.
- ↑ Ingham, John N.; Feldman, Lynne B. (1994). African-American business leaders : a biographical dictionary (1st ed.). Westport, Conn. u.a.: Greenwood Press. pp. 225–228. ISBN 978-0313272530. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
- 1 2 3 "African American Collections". Subject Guides. Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- ↑ William Dwight Porter Bliss; Rudolph Michael Binder (1910). "Socialist Party". New Encyclopedia of Social Reform. Funk & Wagnalls.
- ↑ James C. Docherty; Peter Lamb (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Socialism (2nd ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6477-1.
- 1 2 3 "UArts Name Changes". Philadelphia: University of the Arts. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- ↑ Hampton L. Carson (1889), History of the Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of the Promulgation of the Constitution of the United States, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Co.
- ↑ "American and Western Photographic Societies", International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin, New York: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company, 1890
- ↑ "History", Geographical Club of Philadelphia: Charter, 1895
- ↑ Fairmount Park Guard Pension Fund Association (1915), Descriptive souvenir of Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Pa., Philadelphia: Reichert and Co.
- ↑ "Philadelphia Peace Jubilee of 1898". Philly History Blog. City of Philadelphia. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 U.S. Census Bureau, "Mini-Historical Statistics: Population of the Largest 75 Cities: 1900 to 2000" (PDF), Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003
- 1 2 3 New York Times 2013: "Four Square Blocks"
- ↑ City Clubs in America, Chicago: City Club of Chicago, 1922
- ↑ "History". Economy League of Greater Philadelphia. Retrieved November 21, 2013.
- 1 2 3 "Movie Theaters in Philadelphia, PA". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- ↑ Nina Mjagkij (1994). Light in the Darkness: African Americans and the YMCA, 1852-1946. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2801-3.
- ↑ Goodale, Gloria (June 17, 2011). "Superhero summer: Behind 'Green Lantern' and the rest, an American story". The Christian Science Monitor: 2. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011.
- ↑ Walter S. Hayward; Percival White (1922), Chain Stores: their Management and Operation, New York: McGraw-Hill
- ↑ "Colored Dunbar Theatre". The Crisis. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 19 (6). April 1920.
- ↑ Evensen 1993.
- ↑ "Historic Theatre Inventory". Maryland, USA: League of Historic American Theatres. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
- 1 2 Nina Mjagkij, ed. (2001), Organizing Black America: an Encyclopedia of African American Associations, Garland, ISBN 9780815323099
- ↑ "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania". Global Nonviolent Action Database. Cases: United States. Pennsylvania: Swarthmore College. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
- ↑ Richard Kurin (2013). Smithsonian's History of America in 101 Objects. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-101-63877-4.
- ↑ "Philadelphia City Archives". City of Philadelphia. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
- 1 2 Miller 1983.
- ↑ "Pennsylvania", Official Congressional Directory, 1959
- ↑ Robert L. Harris Jr.; Rosalyn Terborg-Penn (2013). "Chronology". Columbia Guide to African American History Since 1939. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-51087-5.
- ↑ "Timeline: Local Events with National Significance". Civil Rights in a Northern City: Philadelphia. Temple University. Retrieved October 15, 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Sister Cities". Citizen Diplomacy International - Philadelphia. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
- 1 2 3 "50 Years of Regional Planning (timeline)". Philadelphia: Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
- ↑ "About SHCA". Philadelphia: Society Hill Civic Association. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- ↑ "Urban Archives". Temple University, Libraries. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
- ↑ Robin D. G. Kelley and Earl Lewis, ed. (2005). "Chronology". To Make Our World Anew: a History of African Americans. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-983893-6.
- ↑ "Mariposa FAQ". Philadelphia: Mariposa Food Co-op. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
- ↑ "NCGA Co-ops: Pennsylvania". Iowa: National Cooperative Grocers Association. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
- ↑ Anastasia, George (1991). Blood and Honor: Inside the Scarfo Mob – The Mafia's Most Violent Family. New York: William Morrow and Company Inc. pp. 86–88. ISBN 0-688-09260-8.
- ↑ Anastasia (1991), pp. 91-92
- ↑ Pluralism Project. "Hinduism in America". America's Many Religions: Timelines. Harvard University. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
- 1 2 "United States". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
- 1 2 Michael Barone; Chuck McCutcheon (2011). Almanac of American Politics 2012. Washington, D.C.: National Journal Group. ISBN 978-0-226-03807-0.
- ↑ "Phila.gov: the Official Philadelphia Website". Archived from the original on December 1996 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "History: IVAW Timeline". Iraq Veterans Against the War. Retrieved February 30, 2015. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - ↑ "Pennsylvania". CJR's Guide to Online News Startups. New York: Columbia Journalism Review. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
- ↑ "About". Philadelphia: The Hacktory. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ↑ "About". Ignite Philly. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ↑ "About". Philadelphia: 8static. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ↑ "Philadelphia tech site tries to put its news startup theories into practice". Nieman Journalism Lab. Nieman Foundation for Journalism at Harvard University. October 14, 2009.
- ↑ "Largest Urbanized Areas With Selected Cities and Metro Areas (2010)". US Census Bureau. 2012.
- ↑ "30 Cities: An Introductory Snapshot". American Cities Project. Washington, D.C.: Pew Charitable Trusts. 2013. Retrieved March 23, 2014.
- ↑ "Open Data Policy Comparison". Local Policy. Washington, D.C.: Sunlight Foundation. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ↑ "Transparent or not? It's unclear". Axis Philly. July 11, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ↑ Christopher Wink (July 22, 2013). "First thoughts on Axis Philly next steps: journalism collab CEO leaves". ChristopherWink.com. Philadelphia. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
- ↑ Federal Writers' Project (1940), "Chronology", Pennsylvania: a Guide to the Keystone State, American Guide Series, New York: Oxford University Press – via Google Books
Bibliography
Main article: Bibliography of Philadelphia
- S.S. Moore; T.W. Jones (1804), Traveller's Directory... Philadelphia to New York (2nd ed.), Philadelphia: Mathew Carey, OCLC 9501780
- Views in Philadelphia and its Vicinity, Philadelphia: C.G. Childs, 1827, OCLC 9146906
- Philadelphia in 1830-1, Philadelphia: E.L. Carey and A. Hart, 1830
- Philadelphia As It Is, Philadelphia: P.J. Gray, 1834
- McElroy's Philadelphia City Directory for 1867.
- Albert H. Smyth (1892). The Philadelphia magazines and their contributors, 1741–1850. Philadelphia: R.M. Lindsay.
- John Russell Young, ed. (1898), Memorial History of the City of Philadelphia, 2, New York City: New-York History Company
- James G. Barnwell (April 1900), "Proprietary Libraries in Philadelphia", Library Journal, 25
- R.R. Wright, ed. (1907). Philadelphia Colored Directory.
- R.R. Wright, ed. (1907). Philadelphia Colored Directory.
- "Philadelphia", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Philadelphia", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- John Van Ness Ingram (1912). "(Philadelphia)". A Check List of American Eighteenth Century Newspapers in the Library of Congress.
- Market Street, Philadelphia: The Most Historic Highway in America, Its Merchants and Its Story. Philadelphia: Joseph Jackson. 1918.
- Federal Writers' Project (1937), "Chronology", Philadelphia, a Guide to the Nation's Birthplace, American Guide Series, Philadelphia: William Penn Association of Philadelphia
- Dennis Clark (1973), The Irish in Philadelphia, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, ISBN 0877220573
- Fredric Miller (1983). "Documenting Modern Cities: The Philadelphia Model". The Public Historian. 5. JSTOR 3377252.
- Michael P. McCarthy (1990). "Traditions in Conflict: The Philadelphia City Hall Site Controversy". Pennsylvania History. 57. JSTOR 27773404.
- Bruce J. Evensen (1993). "'Saving the City's Reputation': Philadelphia's Struggle over Self-Identity, Sabbath-Breaking and Boxing in America's Sesquicentennial Year". Pennsylvania History. 60. JSTOR 27773587.
- "Four Square Blocks: Philadelphia", New York Times, October 9, 2013
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Philadelphia. |
- "Philadelphia Timeline, 1646–1899". UsHistory.org. Philadelphia: Independence Hall Association.
- "PhillyHistory". City of Philadelphia. (online database of maps and photos, searchable by time period)
- "Philadelphia", American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection, USA – via University of Wisconsin, ca.1777-1943
- Items related to Philadelphia, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
- Items related to Philadelphia, various dates (via Europeana)
Coordinates: 39°57′N 75°10′W / 39.95°N 75.17°W
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