Timeline of temperature and pressure measurement technology

Timeline of temperature and pressure measurement technology. A history of temperature measurement and pressure measurement technology.

Timeline

1500s

• 1592–1593 — Galileo Galilei builds a device showing variation of hotness known as the thermoscope using the contraction of air to draw water up a tube.^[1]

1600s

• 1612 — Santorio Sanctorius makes the first thermometer to medical use
• 1617 — Giuseppe Biancani published the first clear diagram of a thermoscope
• 1624 — The word thermometer (in its French form) first appeared in La Récréation Mathématique by Jean Leurechon, who describes one with a scale of 8 degrees.^[2]
• 1629 — Joseph Solomon Delmedigo describes in a book an accurate sealed-glass thermometer that uses brandy
• 1638 — Robert Fludd the first thermoscope showing a scale and thus constituting a thermometer.
• 1643 — Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer
• 1654 — Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, made sealed tubes part filled with alcohol, with a bulb and stem, the first modern-style thermometer, depending on the expansion of a liquid, and independent of air pressure^[2]
• 1695 — Guillaume Amontons improved the thermometer

Christin's thermometer (1743).

1700s

• 1701 — Newton publishes a method of determining the rate of heat loss a body and introduces a scale, which had 0 degrees represent the freezing point of water, and 12 degrees for human body temperature.
• 1701 — Ole Christensen Røemer made one of the first practical thermometers. As a temperature indicator it used red wine. (Rømer scale), The temperature scale used for his thermometer had 0 representing the temperature of a salt and ice mixture (at about 259 s).
• 1709 — Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit constructed an alcohol thermometer e
• 1714 — Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the mercury-in-glass thermometer x
• 1731 — René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur the Réaumur scale, On this scale 0 represented the freezing point of water (273.15 K) and 80 represented the boiling point (373.15 K).
• 1738 — Daniel Bernoulli asserted in Hydrodynamica the principle that as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases. (Kinetic theory)
• 1742 — Anders Celsius created an inverted centigrade or Celsius temperature scale in which 100 represented the freezing point (273.15 K) and 0 represented the boiling point (373.15 K).
• 1743 — Jean-Pierre Christin had worked independently of Celsius and developed a scale where zero represented the melting point of ice (273.15 K) and 100 represented the boiling point (373.15 K).
• 1744 — Carl Linnaeus suggested reversing the temperature scale of Anders Celsius so that 0 represented the freezing point of water (273.15 K) and 100 represented the boiling point (373.15 K).
• 1782 — James Six invents the Maximum minimum thermometer

1800s

• 1821 — Thomas Johann Seebeck invents the thermocouple
• 1844 — Lucien Vidi invents the aneroid Barograph^[3]
• 1845 — Francis Ronalds invents the first successful Barograph based on photography^[4][5]
• 1848 — Lord Kelvin (William Thomson) – Kelvin scale, in his paper, On an Absolute Thermometric Scale
• 1849 — Eugene Bourdon – Bourdon_gauge (manometer)
• 1849 — Henri Victor Regnault – Hypsometer
• 1864 — Henri Becquerel suggests an optical pyrometer
• 1866 — Thomas Clifford Allbutt invented a clinical thermometer that produced a body temperature reading in five minutes as opposed to twenty.^[6]
• 1871 — William Siemens describes the Resistance thermometer at the Bakerian Lecture
• 1874 — Herbert McLeod invents the McLeod gauge
• 1885 — Calender-Van Duesen invented the platinum resistance temperature device
• 1887 — Richard Assmann invents the psychrometer (Wet and Dry Bulb Thermometers)
• 1892 — Henri-Louis Le Châtelier builds the first optical pyrometer
• 1896 — Samuel Siegfried Karl Ritter von Basch introduced the Sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure

1900s

• 1906 — Marcello Pirani – Pirani gauge (to measure pressures in vacuum systems)
• 1915 — J.C. Stevens — Chart recorder (first chart recorder for environmental monitoring)
• 1924 — Irving Langmuir — Langmuir probe (to measure plasma parameters)
• 1930 — Samuel Ruben invented the thermistor

See also

• History of thermodynamic temperature
• Timeline of heat engine technology
• List of timelines

References